Serbia’s startup scene, particularly in the field of innovation and research, has long struggled with bureaucratic obstacles in importing essential equipment, especially when it comes to dual-use goods—those with both civilian and military applications. Marija Suzić, an advisor for innovation and entrepreneurship at NALED, highlights the hurdles faced by domestic innovators, such as long waiting times, complex import procedures, and unexpected costs.
One key issue has been the lengthy process for importing dual-use goods, requiring approval from multiple institutions, which can take up to two months. This delay can be a critical setback for startups, where time is often the difference between success and missed opportunities. Additionally, the system’s rigidity has posed challenges for researchers, who were often forced to navigate the same complex procedures as large producers, despite the different purposes of their imports.
Moreover, many startups lack the resources or expertise to manage these intricate processes, and even when samples are provided for free, they still face customs duties and VAT, adding unexpected financial strain.
The good news is that changes are underway. A new Law on the Export and Import of Dual-Use Goods, passed in March 2025, aims to simplify the import process for startups and scientific-research organizations (NIOs). The law introduces a more efficient system, similar to the one for fair and museum exhibits, reducing paperwork, shortening timelines, and ultimately saving valuable time for innovators.
This reform is part of broader efforts to improve Serbia’s regulatory framework, inspired by recommendations from the “Gray Book of Innovations,” a publication developed by NALED with input from the startup community, science and technology parks, and other relevant stakeholders. The new law and its accompanying changes are expected to streamline the process of importing materials for research and development and foster a more conducive environment for innovation.
Additional recommendations for easing customs procedures include exemptions for non-commercial samples, the possibility of domestic customs clearance (allowing customs procedures to take place at the innovator’s premises), and simplified importation of biological materials for scientific purposes.
In the long run, these reforms aim to boost Serbia’s technological development, support startups, and foster a more dynamic innovation ecosystem, with a focus not only on customs but also on intellectual property, financing, and institutional support. The third edition of the “Gray Book” is already being prepared, and the call for new proposals is open, inviting further collaboration from all sectors to shape a regulatory framework that truly meets the needs of innovators.
